Photographic positive material



@Fufiy 27 a 1926a M- DONAUER PHOTOGRAPHIG POSITIVE MATERIAL Wilma],Filed Oct. 20, 192

MAR DUNAUER INVENTOR.

Hns' ATTORNEYS Patented July 27, 1926r- UNITED STATES PATENT ori-lce.

m DONAUER, ELYBIA, O HIO, ASSIG-NOR OF FORTY PER CENT '10 IRAN! I.

SLOUGH, F ELYRIA, OHIO.

PHOTOGRAPHIC POSITIVE MATERIAL.

Application filed October 20, 1822, Serial- No. 595,856. Renewed Kay 28,i926.

My invention relates to photo aphic positive materials, and more particuarly to photographic sheet materials which are ada ted to be sensitized,and upon which a 6 shadow is cast b' exposure to the light which isgenera ly projected through a transparent drawing, tracing, negativeplate, film or other photographic negative material, and forms a printof whatever is 10 desired to be printed, and which print may bethereafter fully develo d by immersing the same in a suitable su sequentdeveloping bath.

An object of the present invention is 16 to produce a photographic-printmaterial which presents a very beautiful surface and upon whichphotographic prints may be made which will exhibit a picture havinggreater so-called depth or roundness, and

20 giving more of a three-dimensional atmosphere effect upon the eye.

Another ob ect of my invention is to produce a photographic materialwhich does not substantially alter its dimensions after beingsensitized, or during the sensitizing thereof, or during the subsequentbathing or development of the print, thereby pre serving the correctscale or dimension of the drawing or object produced thereon.

Another object of my invention is to r0- duce a photographic printmaterial w ich will lie fiat, and which will not draw togetherirregularly as soon as moistened thereby causing a tendency for theemulsion applied to the material to run from the high spots down intothe valleys, thereby producing a print material which will be irregularin photographic results.

Another pb'ect of my invention is to produce a hotographic-printmaterial comprising 0 0th backed by a material such as paper, wherebythe .above and other useful results not heretofore attained may besecured.

silk or other fabric material, being 'acked by a material such as paper,which may be light in color and which will improve the detail of thepicture produced on the print material considerably because of itsability to reflect light through the portions of the Another objectof myinvention is to pro- "is this roundness or three duce a photographicmaterial com rising picture contained in the libers of the silk orparticularly such porinvention is to provide a photographic-printmaterial which does not partake of permanent set or have a tendency toroll up when opened out after having been kept rolled for sometime. 7Another object of my invention is to evolve a process whereby photoraphicprint material comprising a la er 0% silk or other cloth materialand a bee ng layer of paper or equivalent material for the Yurpose, maybe produced, and which will sure the qualities above mentioned, andwhich are desirable in photographic-print material.

The appeal of photographic portraits may vary greatly dependi somewhaton the style of the picture and older but actually depending mainly onthe details of the portrait itself. Such things as the position, thelighting arrangements producing hi hlights, etc., are of courseimportant, but these depend 'on the techni ue of the photographer. Thepicture shou d have good detail. That is, no area of the face or personshould be an even black or an even white, but should have variationsshowing allthe differences incontour. A good clear negative is required,but most negatives have good detail. It is then a matter of the paper,the character of the emulsion used, the nature of the surface whet-herdull or shiny, and how it reflects light. A good portrait possesses acertain roundness, that isthe figure stands out as a three dimensionalobject instead of bein fiat. Detail in the paper assists this roun nessmaterially in that a paper which line is necessarily flat.

.-A negative usually possesses good roundness or a lantern slide madetherefrom does because it is viewed by transmitted light ,and there isan opportunity for depth. It dimensional atr mos'phere produced bytransmitted light which makes the actors appear so lifelike in movingpictures. A painted portrait also produces only outpresents more of alifelike atmosphere than I Efforts to procure better hotographicpositives have been directed a ong various lines such as the following.

The silver emulsions have been improved so as to permit better detail.As far as the usual paper coating are concerned, efforts along this linehave probably reached the limits.

Bu-fl colored and other light colored papers have been used to producesofter effects.

The surface of the paper has been given a soft dull finish, a linen-likefinish, ora rough dull'fi'nish.

Fine linen cloth has been coated with a sizing to fill the pores andthen coated with emulsion. This linen product is no longer on the marketowing to the great tendency for the picture to curl up due to the sizingand emulsion being on one side and also because irregularities causedblack spots to appear frequently on development.

A recent innovation has been to make miniature lantern slide positivesfrom portrait negatives. These are painted on the back with gold leafand then covered with paper so as give the appearance of a framedpicture. The detail and lifelike appearance of these ictures is verygood.

There is on the market a so-called J apanese tissue print. This consistsof a fine silk coated with emulsion. The picture is printed on the silk.Later the back of the silk is painted with gold leaf or the silk withoutthe goldv leaf is mounted on a stiff backing.

One manufacturer is putting out pillow tops coated with an emulsion forpicture printing but in this case the emulsion is such that only outlinephotographs are pro duced.

different from any of the above.

' The material of the present inventign is t is made in a different way,but more important than this, the results made possible are quitedifi'erent from those heretofore obtnined.

My improved material is made as follows:

A fabric material such as china silk cloth is glued over a suitablepaper backing, using the same grade of gelatine for the adhesive as isused in making the photographic emulsion. Only a very little of a dilutesolution of gelatine is used so that the fibre does not become soaked upwith gelatine. The cloth and paper are passed through rolls such thatevery portion of the cloth is glued in place. This cloth covered paperis then coated with a sensitized photographic emulsion in the regularway, namely; by passing it under a roll dipping into the emulsion. In sodoing the emulsion saturates the fibre and also sinks down in to thesurface of the paper. Any type of cloth or similar material can be used.The paper backing can paper is a simple problem whereas the'coating ofsilk alone and getting a uniform coating is exceedingly difficult. Thecombination can be coated by being run under a roll dipping into theemulsion, then over chilling rolls and then dried in the usual way. Withsilk alone, the emulsion soaks right through and the rolls causeirregularities in, coating.

Referring now to the drawing accompanying this specificaton and forminga part thereof- Fig. 1 illustrates diagrammatically the process involvedin the production of the photograhic-print material of my invention, theapparatus involved in such production being indicated in verticalsection.

Fig. 2 shows a view in perspective of a portion of a sheet of thephotographic-print material of my invention, and as may be produced asshown in Fig. 1.

Referring now to the drawings, in Fig. 1 at 2 is shown a roll of paper 2and at 4 is shown a roll of fabric such as china silk, which material Ifind to be well adapted for the purpose of my invention, the silk beingshown as passing from the roll at 5. At 6 and 7 areshown containerswhich contain a dilute solution of gelatine, rolls 8 and 9 for thecontainer 6 and respectively adapted to dip into the solution, the paper3 and paper 5 being adapted to pass around the rolls 8 and 9respectively, and to emerge therefrom at 10 and 11.

Rolls 12, 13, 14 and 15 are provided in the subsequent path of. thepaper 10 and the 10th 11 after passing out of the containers 6 and 7respectively, the paper 10 and the cloth 11 entering between rolls 12and 14 as shown at 16 being pressed closely together at this point sothat. every portion of the cloth is glued in place uniformly, being helduniformly in contact by the adhesive quality of the gelatine solution.The papercloth print material 18 united by the geiatine is thenpreferably passed through other rolls 13 and 15 to improve theuniformity of adherence between'the paper and the cloth after which thecloth-paper print material 18 passes through a bath 19 which comprises aphotographic emulsion, the gelatine used in the photographic emulsionbeing preferably of the same grade of gelatine as the adhesive used ingluing the paper 10 and the cloth 11 together as before described.

The bath 19 is contained in a vessel 20 having a roll 21 dipping thereinaround which roll 21 the cloth-paper print material 18 passes,preferably in such a way that the cloth side 22 of the material only isexposed to the direct contact ith the emulsion contained in the vessel20.

The photographic cloth-paper materlal 18 is then dried at 23 prior tobeing rolled on a roll shown at 24, and then packaged ready for use.

In Fig. 2 the resultant product is illustrated in perspective, a portionof a sheet being shown lying fiat as when ready to be exposed to make aphotographic print, the top side 22 being the cloth s1de of thematerial, and the bottom side 25being the paper side of the material. Itwill be noted that the cloth side of the material 22 is the side whichis exposed to and coated with the photo raphic emulsion.

I have ound that in coating the cloth 5 with the gelatine, only a verylittle of a dilute solution of gelatine should be used so that the fibredoes not become soaked u with gelatine; also that the paper 3 need notbe coated with gelatine as before described in connection with itsimmersion in the gelatine bath of the vessel 6 as the elatine coating onthe cloth 5 as a result 0 being passed through the gelatine solution ofthe vessel 7 is suflicient for the purpose of gluing together the clothand the paper when pressed between the rolls such as 12 and 14.

Any type of cloth or similar material can be used, and the backingmaterial,'preferabl 1 of paper, can be white or gold, or any suita lecolor. I have found that light colored paper is preferable as a backing,and that the color of the backing can be ly as an example.

I have found that the coating of silk with the photographic emulsion isa simple problem when the silk is backed with paper as hereirrdescribed, whereas the coating of silk alone and getting a uniformcoating is exceedingly difiicult. The combination can be coated by beinrun under a roll dri ping into the emu sionand then over chi ling rollsand dried in the usual way. With silk alone the emulsion soaks rightthrough and the rolls cause irregularities in coating.

Whether this is the cause of the spots in sized linen previouslydescribed is rather hard to say. Their appearance seems to me to,indicate that some of the heavier threads were not thoroughly coveredwith the sizing and the emulsion soaked down into the thread, whereasfor the most part, the emulsion was on top of the size.

The combination of fabric, such as silk, and paper has many advanta es.The freshly coated product lies per ectly flat. It doesnot draw togetherirregularly as soon as moistened causing a tendency for the emulsion torun from the high spots down into thevalleys, as is the case with clothalone. Thereis no irregular stretching causing the strands of fibre torun in crooked lines across the print. With-cloth, especially a thinsilk, after printing and developing the picture, there-is a possibilityfor the features to become distorted because the cloth was stretched orplaced irregularly while drying. All these things are entirely avoidedusing silk-print paper.

The manipulating of the silk covered paper is much simpler than othercloth rints. No special developing or printing acilities are required.It can be dried the same as ordinary photo paper, and has practically notendency to curl, whereas there is a very marked tendency with mostcoated cloth products. The mounting of the finished picture is a verysimple problem.

The combination of silk and paper presents a new means of obtaining aphotographic print with more detail, and greater roundnessor threedimensional atmosphere than is possible with present photographicpapers.

I find also that putting a white background closely under the silk imroves the detail of the picture considerab y because it reflects lightback through the less dense areas. Cloth, and especially silk is quitetransparent and is subject to much greater light penetration than paper.The quality of a picture made on the silk depends largely on how thebacking reflects the light back through the silk. Also silk or clothbeing made up of interwoven strands it consists of a net work of openareas. If silk were coated, the picture printed and then mounted orpainted with gold leaf on the back, these open areas would be void ofdetail. Coating the cloth with a filler to fill up these pores destroysthe best qualities of the cloth surface. Also the penetration of thefibre by light is prevented. In the silk-print paper of my invention,the backing which reflects the light is in the nature of a picture onaper behind the silk picture, the former t us emphasizin all the minutevariations in detail whic the negative has recorded.

By covering paper with silk or other cloth and then sensitizing thecombination, it has thus been made possible to obtain greater detailsandmore roundness in a photograph.

The light coining through the silk film prepicture on the combinationmaterial therefore has greater depth and more of a three dimensionalatmosphere than is possible with the picture printed on the ordinarypaper surface. In the ordinary photographic paper, the emulsion isexceedingly thin and consists of a layer on top of the paper surface.

A picture on paper under the picture on silk also means that the myriadof open areas between 'the interwoven strands of the cloth are not voidof detail,.but the variations are all clearly recorded by the sensitizedpaper underneath. This is not possible if the silk picture is first madeand then backed. In either case the silk surface which is considered sovery desirable is obtained.

The idea of coating a combination of silk and paper permits manyinteresting possibilities. The silk can be backed with paper of variouslight colors and tinted pictures harmonizing with the atmosphere of thesetting can obtained. A paper covered with gold leaf 'Would also bepossible.

Having thus described my invention in a specific embodiment, andemploying specific materials, I am aware that my invention ma beembodied in photographic-print materia employing different materials,but which are the equivalent for the purpose, and that although I havedescribed a specific arrangement of bath rolls, and the like forproducing the photographic-print material of my invention, I am awarethat many variations may be made in such an arrangement withoutdeparting from the novel method herein set forth and claimed, it beingunderstood that the method of producing the paper maybe varied and thematerials entering .into the paper varied without departing from thespirit of my invention.

I claim z- 1. A photographic-print material comprising superposed layersof cloth and paper 'and a photographic emulsion applied to the cloth andpenetrating the same, portions of the emulsion coating the surface ofthe paper next the cloth.

2. A photographic-print material comprising superposed layers of clothand paper and an emulsion applied to the cloth side of the material.

- 3. A photographic-print material comprisin a layer of cloth and abacking layer of light reflecting material, said cloth adhering closelyto a surface of the light refleeting material and a photographicemulsion applied to the cloth.

4. A photographic-print material comprising a layer of cloth and abacking layer of light reflecting material, said cloth adhering closelyto a surface of the light refleeting material and a photographicemulsion applied to the cloth, said photographicmaterial penetrating thefibers of the cloth and coating the surface of the said light reflectingmaterial,

5. A photographic-print material comprising superposed layers of clothand paper and a photographic emulsion applied to the cloth andpenetrating the same, portions of the emulsion coating the surface ofthe paper next the cloth, said emulsion comprising gelatine, said layerof cloth and said paper being glued together by gelatine ofsubstantially the same grade as employed in the photographic emulsion.

6. A- photographic-print material comprising superposed layers of clothand paper and an emulsion applied to th cloth side of the material, saidemulsion comprising gelatine, said layer of cloth and said paper beingglued together by gelatine of substantially the same grade as employedin the photggraphic emulsion.

7. photographic-print material comprising a la er of cloth and a backinglayer of light re ecting material, said cloth adhering closely to asurface of the light reflecting material and a photographic emulsionapplied to the cloth, said emulsion comprising gelatine, said layer ofcloth and said paper being glued together by gelatine of substantiallythe same rade as employed in the photographic emu sion.

8. A photographic-print material comprising a layer of cloth and abacking layer of light reflecting material, said cloth adhering closelyto a surface of the light reflecting material and a photographicemultion applied to the cloth, said photo raphicmaterial penetrating thefibres of t e cloth and coating the surface of the said light reflectingmaterial, said emulsion comprising gelatine, said layer of cloth andsaid paper being glued together .by gelatine of substantially the samerade as employed in the photographic emu sion.

9. A photographic-print material comprising superposed layers of silkand paper and a photographic emulsion applied to the silk andpenetrating the same, portions of the emulsion coating the surface ofthe paper next the silk.

10. A photogra hie-print material comprising superpose layers of silkand paper and an emulsion applied to the silk side of the material.

11. A photographic-print material comprising a layer of silk and abacking layer of light reflecting material, said silk adhering closelyto the surface of the light reflecting material and a photographicemulsion applied to the silk. I

12. A photographic-print material comcoating the surface of the lightreflecting prising a layer of", silk and a backing layer matenal. oflight reflecting material, said silk adher- In witness whereof, I havehereunto l0 ing closely to a surface of the light reflectsigned my namethis 16th day of October, 6 :ing material and a photographic emulsion1922.

applied to the silk, said photo aphio-materml penetrating the fibers oft e silk and MAX DONAUER.

